To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This … addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody …

economic policy. In our empirical analysis, based on an extensive dataset covering most of world trade, we find that GSP tends …

related to these concerns and aspirations. However, servicification and particularly its role in trade policy have received …, historic policymaking divides between trade in manufactures and services, between export and import interests, and among modes …

The literature has paid very little attention to a potential positive endogenous nexus between trade globalization and … the gravity trade theory, using data from a sample of 134 IMF countries over the pe- riod 1974-1998. An extensive search … shows that trade globalization dampens political liberalization, though political liberalization fosters trade globalization …

There are many stories of democracy but little consensus over which variables robustly determine its emergence and … million regressions. The most robust determinants of the transition to democracy are GDP growth (a negative effect), past … countries are less likely to see democracy emerge, although the latter finding is driven entirely by oil producing Muslim …

Africa’s interior-to-coast roads are well suited to export natural resources, but not to support regional trade. Are … networks expanded in a less interior-to-coast way in periods of democracy. This result suggests that Africa’s interior …

Africa's interior-to-coast roads are well suited to export natural resources, but not to support regional trade. Are … networks expanded in a less interior-to-coast way in periods of democracy. This result suggests that Africa's interior … to export natural resources, but not to support regional trade. Are they the optimal response to geography and …

This paper questions the effect of democracy on regulatory reforms by mainly checking whether the observed differences … democracy. Our results, based primarily on the Oaxaca - Blinder decomposition approach, suggest that democracy is not the basis … of these observed differences. This calls into question the importance of democracy when it comes to unleashing the …

When looking at the conditions of trade in natural resources the world appears upside down: Tariff protection in … natural resources sectors is generally lower than for overall merchandise trade, while export restrictions are twice as likely … tariff escalation may be the result of an uncooperative trade policy. Specifically, tariff escalation and export taxes can be …

averse, food exporters may use trade policy to shield the domestic economy from large price shocks. This creates a … activism. We test this theory with a new dataset that comprises monthly information on trade measures across 125 countries and ….e. the share of international trade covered by export restrictions) are positively correlated with the probability of …