Our objective in this paper is to assess how middle-income groups are faring with the global turn to the market. We suggest some simple measures of the middle-the size and income shares of households around the median (75/125%)-and their income status relative to wealthier counterparts. Our...

This paper presents a first approximation to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Argentina's pension system in both the short and medium/long-term. To this end, we have used the Pension Projection Model of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to design and analyze possible...

This paper applies an agnostic structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach to study the response of four Andean economies (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) to international shocks. More specifically, we look at the response of gross domestic product, the real exchange rate, fiscal and...

This paper analyzes the determinants of Ecuador's sovereign spreads as measured by the EMBI index. We use Bayesian algorithms to estimate a structural vector autoregressive model with three blocks (international, regional, and domestic). Global variables drive most of the dynamics of the...