In a labor market hierarchy, promotions are affected by the noisiness of information about the candidates. I study the hypothesis that males are more risk taking than females, and its implications for rates of promotion and abilities of survivors. I define promotion hierarchies with and without...

The rules under which jurisdictions (nations, provinces) can deny immigration or expel residents are generally governed by a constitution, but there do not exist either positive or normative analyses to suggest what types of exclusion rules are best. We stylise this problem by suggesting four...

We consider a model of innovation that distinguishes between ideas and innovations. While innovation responds to incentives, ideas are a scarce resource that provide an exogenous constraint on the rate of innovation. We investigate how the optimal reward structure is shaped by the scarcity of...