This paper explores how social interactions among consumers shape markets. In a two-country model, consumers meet and exchange information about the quality of the goods. As information spreads, the demands evolve, affecting the prices and quantities manufactured by profit-maximizing firms. We...

This working paper provides an overview of the main markets relevant to the EIF, thereby documenting the impact of the current inflationary environment, the war in Ukraine and the aftermath of the pandemic on the SME financing environment. The publication first discusses the general market...

This working paper contributes to the understanding of how Greentech ecosystems develop by considering the impact of EU countries' local financial market environment on the prevalence of Greentech investment deal activity. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the occurrence of IPOs in a...

This working paper examines the current academic literature on access to finance for female entrepreneurs and female-led enterprises. It covers two main financing markets: credit and venture capital (VC). The paper finds wide consensus in the academic field that gender-related credit and VC gaps...

This working paper provides an overview of the main markets relevant to the EIF, thereby documenting the impact of the polycrisis and the related challenging economic environment on SME financing. The publication first discusses the general market environment and then covers the markets for SME...

This analysis provides an overview of the main markets relevant to the EIF. It starts by discussing the general market environment, then looks at the main aspects of equity finance and the guarantee and SME securitisation markets and, finally, it highlights important aspects of microfinance in...

This analysis provides an overview of the main markets relevant to the EIF. It starts by discussing the general market environment, then looks at the main aspects of equity finance and the guarantee and SME securitisation markets. It also highlights important aspects of microfinance in Europe....

This European Small Business Finance Outlook (ESBFO) provides an overview of the main markets relevant to EIF (equity1, securitisation, microfinance). It is an update of the ESBFO May 2012. We start by discussing the general market environment, then look at the main aspects of equity finance and...

This European Small Business Finance Outlook (ESBFO) provides an overview of the main markets relevant to EIF (equity, guarantees/securitisation, microfinance). It is an update of the ESBFO December 2012. We start by discussing the general market environment, then look at the main aspects of...

This European Small Business Finance Outlook (ESBFO) provides an overview of the main markets relevant to EIF (equity, guarantees/securitisation, microfinance). It is an update of the ESBFO June 2013. We start by discussing the general market environment, then look at the main aspects of equity...