Since its establishment in 1865, the ITU has been considered by many as a European organisation as it was controlled by small number of European countries. Due to the conflict of interests between the European countries and other countries, the world was divided into three regions in terms of...

Fifty five years ago, Coase suggested in his seminal article 'The Federal Communications Commission' that spectrum assignments should be treated in a similar way to property rights where market forces allocate these flexible tradable rights to users with the highest valuations for it. While...

The Radio Sector of the ITU (ITU-R) has been involved in two aspects of personal mobile communication systems, namely defining the standards and identifying frequency bands related to these systems under the label of the International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT). This paper has investigated...

While the international radio regulations (RR) do not prevent opportunistic access, the application of these regulations largely does not encourage such a concept. This is due to the existence of different elements of restriction within these regulations including the absence of a quantified...

The practice of TV white spaces (TVWS), one application of the easement approach to spectrum management, has varied around the world with limited commercial deployments and only a few trials due mainly to the delay in digital switchover and the resistance of broadcasters. Internationally the...

The international radio spectrum management regime is one of the oldest existing regimes with the main treaty of the regime, the Radio Regulations (RR), being 113 years old in 2019. However, there have been calls that the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) has...

Although market entry has been a longstanding feature of mobile telecommunication markets, relatively few entrants have transformed the market(s) that they have entered. One such company is CK Hutchison, while another is Iliad, whose entry into the French mobile market profoundly and irrevocably...

Although many factors affect next-generation access (NGA) deployment, regulatory frameworks have the power to guide future investments, further development and, consequently, the competitiveness of a next-generation broadband market. Understanding the link between markets and regulatory...

Each year the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development produces a report on foreign direct investment (FDI). This report highlights trends on FDI, and identifies the world's largest transnational corporation (TNC). Prominent among the largest TNS are telecommunication companies such as...

The Internet plays an increasingly central role in the lives of individuals. Through the Internet, individuals can engage in a wide array of activities such as shopping, participating in social networking activities, obtaining information and so forth. Given the extent to which the Internet is...