-whereby the costs decrease with increasing distance. Historical data is also used to calculate the expected economic damage caused …

geographic distance and increase in the degree of trade integration with the war site. For very distant countries, output …

according to two characteristics: the distance between two locations and the endogenous firm decision to invest in … transportation. A simulation exercise reveals that ignoring the effect of the investment decision on transport costs biases empirical …. Our estimation results confirm that transport prices are influenced by both the distance and the level of exports between …

to capture scale as distance in terms of territorial, cognitive, and affective distance. The spatial perspective brings …

distance and of neighbors' degree. Consequently, we introduce a framework that can be seen as a degree …

This paper uses a gravity framework to investigate the effects of distance as well as subnational and national borders … border effects stem from the metropolitan level rather than state. Second, border and distance effects decrease with the age … distance effects are interestingly increasing. Finally, we find that (assignee) self-citations and aggregation bias are two …

importance of firm-level productivity and distance-related transaction costs as driving forces of FDI. Yet the timing of FDI has … uncertainty. Likewise, distance-related transaction costs discourage FDI by latecomers considerably less than FDI by early movers. …