The public policies on mass transit and other economic policies have been unable to avoid increasing mass transit costs and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households...

The public policies on mass transit and other economic policies have been unable to avoid increasing mass transit costs and urban bus fares, which places a burden on a majority of the population depending on public transit. This study analyzes the variations in urban bus fares and households...

The growing demand for urban infrastructure and public services provided in decentralized way in Brazil, combined with the recent fiscal crisis caused by the economic recession and governmental transfers reduction, has increased the debate about the own municipal taxes strengthening, where the...

In this paper we contextualize Carl Menger's work in relation to the transformations of German political economy from the 1860s to the 1890s. We demonstrate that his Grundsätze ( 49 ) was a culmination of the German subjectivist tradition which had started in the early nineteenth century....

This paper surveys the evolution and implications of fiscal decentralization in Colombia in recent decades. After describing the fiscal decentralization process and its impact on sub-national finances, the paper presents the evolution of departmental public finances, departmental vertical...

This paper estimates potential Mexican sub-national tax revenues using a stochastic frontier model. The results suggest that states are exploiting their current tax bases, particularly the payroll tax, appropriately. Mexican municipalities, however, have a low rate of tax collection compared to...

This project examines fiscal reforms in Brazil since the 1990s, particularly in taxation, budgeting, and fiscal federalism. While recentralizing fiscal authority and massively expanding the extractive capacity of the state, policymakers chose not to revamp an inefficient tax system that has...

This paper, originally designed to focus on discovering a suitable tax structure that befits an aspiring LMIE as it advances toward the UMIE status. On reflection, it becomes evident that it is hard to meaningfully deliberate on the composition of taxes without focussing in equal measure on the...

Population aging imposes a challenge for the public pension systems in many developed countries. The solvency of the pension system requires a broad set of policy measures. The paper addresses the following question: What are the macroeconomic consequences of increasing the social security...

In many countries, saving in a private pension is tax-advantaged to encourage saving for retirement; however, there is mixed evidence on the extent to which this increases saving. This paper estimates the responsiveness of private pension saving to tax incentives for employees in England and...