We focus on firms' risk-taking for customers and investigate how this type of risk-taking is influenced by "performance relative to aspiration" (PRA). Specifically, we examine the PRA and project-financing (PF) loan activities of all 79 savings banks in South Korea from 2013 to 2021. Contrary to...

The fact that organizations find it hard to change in response to shocks in the environment is a crucial feature of the economy. Yet we know little about why it is so difficult for organizations to adjust, and where these limitations come from. In an effort to discover some of these reasons we...

In this interview with Professor James G. March, we focused on the key insights stemming from his work, with a special emphasis on the lessons for organization science and organization design. We discussed the major ideas and theories that he and his coauthors generated over the several decades...

When the Intellectual Property Bill designed to secure compliance with the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ("TRIPS Agreement") was challenged in the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, the Court determined that the patenting of naturally occurring microorganisms by...

Access to genetic resources and "fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising [from their] utilization" is the third objective of the 1992 United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The expression is included in the full title of the 2010 Nagoya Protocol (NP). Neither agreement...

We propose a novel mechanism through which established firms contribute to the startup ecosystem: the allocation of R&D tax credits to startups via the M&A channel. We show that when established firms become eligible for R&D tax credits, they increase their R&D and M&A activity. In particular,...

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effects of education and research and development (R&D) on tourism spending in a sample of OECD countries. The analyses were performed on the basis of data on tourism spending and data on education and R&D. The research included 36 OECD...

The purpose of this report is to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the vaccine industry from an international perspective. The objective is to learn from the experience and contribute to the design of better tools for future vaccine development and manufacturing, as we...

This paper analyzes the debate over the international dissemination of data exclusivity as a form of protection for clinical trial data. This is a critical demand for pharmaceutical companies seeking larger market shares and longer periods of monopoly in order to recover investments in research...

The study analyses the financial framework of the European Union in 2014-2020 and the prospects of Finland in this framework. The study is structured according to budget headlines the most central of which are the natural resources (agriculture and rural development), cohesion (regional and...