In this paper, we examine stationarity properties of data on budget deficits for a cluster of twenty-seven developing countries (D-27) for the period spanning 1970 to 2003. It has been argued in the literature that this statistical property correlates well with the economic property of...

Africa is still struggling to mitigate its electricity insecurity issues. This situation renders foreign direct investment in the renewable electricity industry (FDIREI) and renewable electricity production (REP) to become simultaneously important to Africa. Using a novel dataset of FDIREI, this...