presented points to a causal effect of the IGESP on crime. The most conservative estimates indicate a reduction of 24% in … property crimes and 13% in personal crimes. There is also evidence that the IGESP is associated with improved police response … represented by the program may constitute a first-order factor in a successful policy for fighting crime. …

contributions for the original citizens. As an empirical example, we employ Germany?s crime statistic in order to assess the … efficiency of the provision of police services at the state level. …

simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which … requested police officers are recruited and become operational. We show that this endogeneity vanishes once, controlling for …This paper exploits dictated delays in local police hiring by a centralized national authority to break the …

The paper revisits the local determinants of crime using a spatial model distinguishing between resident and non … crime. Also the socio-economic background in terms of unemployment, poverty, and inequality proves significant for both … property and violent crime. Whereas local inequality only shows an effect on crime committed by resident offenders, crime …

properly address the problems of endogeneity, proxy validity, or heterogeneity in criminality. We demonstrate that the time …

This paper argues that terrorism, beyond its immediate impact on innocent victims, also raises the costs of crime, and … therefore, imposes a negative externality on potential criminals. Terrorism raises the costs of crime through two channels: (i …) by increasing the presence and activity of the police force, and (ii) causing more people to stay at home rather than …