Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long run relationship of import demand, relative … expenditure components have positive and significant impact on import demand in Pakistan while the effect of relative prices is …This study is aimed at in-depth empirical analysis of impact of final expenditure components on import demand in …

greater propensity to import with respect to an increase in investment compared to a rise in consumption, yet find that export …) import demand for the 1980-2004 period and the more recent 1993-2004 period. German import demand is mainly driven by … goods have the highest marginal import content. The influence of export demand on the German economy's import demand is …

We develop a structural econometric model of import demand for Pakistan, with binding foreign exchange constraint. ARDL … from ARDL bound testing approach and Johansen’s method for cointegration show strong evidence of the existence of a long …-run stable relationship among the variables included in the import demand model. The price and income elasticity estimates have …

import functions or exportled growth. Focusing on the US relations with Euroland and Canada, cointegration analyses however …

from Pakistan on economic, demographic, social, and political variables. The data spans a period from 1972- 2006 and was … analyzed using cointegration and error correction approaches. All variables were found to be first difference stationary and … Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries health care qualifies as a necessity in Pakistan. Urbanization and …

vehicle currency. Even though the literature about China is relatively large, no study has scrutinized the asymmetric impacts … of vehicle currency and real effective exchange rate on China's total trade balance with the entire EU. This research gap … is especially notable in the circumstances that the EU has surpassed the USA to become China's largest trading partner …

cointegration framework to examine whether Chinese interest rates are driven by the Fed's policy. In a second step, we estimate a … monetary model for China, in which we include also other monetary policy tools besides the central bank interest rate, namely … reserve requirement ratios and open market operations. Our results suggest China has been relatively successful in isolating …

This paper is to examine the stock markets role in the capital formation in Pakistan from the period 1st January 2001 … of Pakistan and three stock exchanges; Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock exchanges. The stock market size of capital … exchange is the oldest and biggest Stock exchange of Pakistan and it is the first mover to adapt institutional developments …