Industrial houses and governments of different countries and groups spend a sizeable amount of their earnings upon research and development activities to create new products and obtain patents for them. The short-run motive is to get patents, and the long-run motive is to influence income growth...

The risk society has profoundly changed our way of life. Among the social phenomena most affected by its effects is undoubtedly political participation and the degree of trust in institutions. This work aims, through the construction of two different indices, to answer the question "How does the...

Country Risk (CR) is a relevant instrument to analyze and understand economic performances and relationships between different countries in the actual economic and political international globalized context. The present work develops indexes for the European Union countries by applying three...