commuting flows from a Norwegian region with a high number of ferry connections and/or tunnels and bridges. Based on a doubly …-constrained gravity-based model specification we focus on how commuting flows respond to varying toll charges and ferry prices. Estimation … results are used to predict how the generation and distribution of commuting flows is affected when ferry connections are …

study of commuting behavior. This is illustrated by showing that introduction of a spatial element into the standard model … decentralized employment the spatial search model predicts excess commuting. Search theory also suggests that regression towards the …

In this paper, we derive a structural model for commuting speed. We presumethat commuting speed is chosen to minimise … commuting costs, which encompass bothmonetary and time costs. At faster speed levels, the monetary costs increase, but the …

We examine the causal effect of commuting distance on workers' wages in a quasi-natural experiments setting using …' relocations. For the range of commuting distances where income tax reductions associated with commuting do not apply, one … kilometre increase in commuting distance induces a wage increase of about 0.42%, suggesting an hourly compensation of about half …

People spend a lot of time commuting and often find it a burden. According to economics, the burden of commuting is … direct test of this strong notion of equilibrium, we find that people with longer commuting time report systematically lower … this 'commuting paradox'. …