function is evaluated using the martingale approach. The equivalent martingale measure is introduced in a way that the Markov …

measure, describing the stochastic dynamics of the state of the market, and an equivalent martingale measure determining … prices of contingent claims. The relation between equivalent martingale measure, state prices, market price of risk and the …

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and compare them using econometric and materiality criteria. Our results suggest that the … benchmark CAPM applied to a large peer group of competing firms provides a COE estimate that is not clearly improved upon by …, such as leverage and line-of-business concentration. Thus, a standard implementation of the benchmark CAPM provides a …

The measurement of social norms plays a pivotal role in many social sciences. While economists predominantly conduct …, on the one hand, often fall short in the measurement of more complex elements, such as the conditionality or the level of …

). In addition the deviation from the yearly mean differs between occupations at certain measurement dates because … shares instead of certain measurement dates. It also argues to use daily accurate employment data from the German social …