) relationship between the standard deviation (coefficient of variation) and the average in bank lending-rate markups. In a … quantitative theory consistent with these empirical observations, banks' lending market power is determined in equilibrium and is a …. Normatively, under a given inflation target, welfare gains arise if a central bank can use additional liquidity-provision (or tax …

debt. The idea that the government sells bonds to the central bank or issues money by literally spending it into existence … also plays a key role in Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), the concept of helicopter money and the idea of permanent monetary …, that the theory is almost always contradicted by the actual workings of the modern credit economy. In fact, MMT seems to be …

Central Bank's policy-rate cuts in mid-2014. The pass-through of the rate cuts to banks' funding costs differs across the euro … provide a simple model of an augmented bank balance-sheet channel where in addition to costly external financing, there is …

Central Bank's policy-rate cuts in mid-2014. The pass-through of the rate cuts to banks' funding costs differs across the euro … provide a simple model of an augmented bank balance-sheet channel where in addition to costly external financing, there is …

by the following types of bank financial distress: 1) low equity ratio; 2) low Tier 1 capital ratio; and 3) losses on …