Forty years ago, virtually the entire telecommunications sector was state owned, managed and controlled - owned, managed and controlled by the state since their inception. In the mid-1980s a movement towards privatization, liberalization and deregulation took hold. Now the sector has been...

In the mid-1980s a movement towards privatization and de-regulation of the telecommunications sector was begun. The sector has been privatized in most countries and subjected to regulatory reform. The major reform occurred in the late 1990s. Since then the internet and cellular-mobile industries...

The internet giants - Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Google, among others - have transformed society with both positive and negative effects. The negative effects have been stark. There have been huge disruptions caused by e-commerce. More recently, subtler, but even more serious negative effects...

This paper critically examines the effectiveness of spectrum set-asides as a policy tool to address distributional objectives in telecommunications across four diverse national contexts: Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. Spectrum allocation is a crucial factor for the...

The services that run on telecommunications providers' infrastructure have evolved from essential to the day-to-day functioning to hyper critical to the minute-by-minute functioning of modern society. Telecommunications firms have however been increasingly exposed to competition and diminishing...

The goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe are far from being achieved, and the measures taken so far have not proven to be suffi ciently effective in order to attain European infrastructure and investment targets in a timely manner. Without adequate investment in telecommunications...

The new regulatory framework in the digital sector in Europe is likely to fall short of expectations. A fragmented digital market with insuffi cient incentives for investment is the probable outcome. European regulators should abandon their approach in favour of a new and more flexible set of...

Regulating emerging technologies has always been a challenge. Balancing the risks and opportunities of AI is raising the bar, in particular since generative AI systems such as ChatGPT have been made accessible to a large public. The rapid development of AI deserves another look at what balancing...

The law of net neutrality has been in effect in the Netherlands since January 1, 2013, after having been passed on June 5, 2011 by the Lower House of the Dutch Parliament and then ratified by the Upper House a year later. This paper investigates the policy, its process, and its impact. It offers...