The interpretation of public policy exceptions is proving to be one of the biggest conundrums of international investment law and makes the application of international investment treaties unpredictable. This Perspective explains why public policy exceptions have not reached their full potential...

Disenchantment with investment law's traditional laissez-faire liberalism is influencing the EU's investment policies. In particular, evidence suggests that future EU investment agreements will aim to emulate EU FTAs in incorporating regulatory flexibility, pointing towards a policy shift in...

Since the Treaty of Lisbon, the European Commission has designed an innovative investment policy, leaving in the shadows another powerful actor. And yet, in the post-Lisbon era, the European Parliament enjoys extensive powers in the formulation of the EU's investment policy.

The nationality of judges on the international bench can impact their decisions by making them partial to their home countries. In light of the efforts to establish a Multilateral Investment Court, this Perspective considers policy options in relation to the nationality of judges, including the...