The last quarter of the 20th century was a period of sustained economic growth across many countries. Countries' institutional arrangements have been commonly employed as factors in the convergence studies of economic growth and income levels. However, the issue of whether institutions...

In this study, we compare the adjustments of credit ratings by an investor-paid credit rating agency (CRA), represented by Egan-Jones Ratings Company, and an issuer-paid CRA, represented by Moody's Investors Service, vis-à-vis conflict of interest and reputation. A novel distribution dynamics...

This study utilizes a time-varying parameter Bayesian vector autoregressive model to investigate the dynamic interactions between geopolitical risk (GPR) and renewable energy consumption growth (RECG). The identification strategy is flexible to accommodate cases both with and without sign...

This paper aims to understand the gas-pricing mechanism in the major markets and hence draw implications for gas-pricing reform in Asia. It adopts the bootstrap sub-sample rolling-window Granger test to investigate the causality between crude oil and natural gas prices. Unlike the estimations...