patent quantity is driven by knowledge exchange rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in joint R&D, on the other hand, receive … more forward citations per patent indicating that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In light of literature on strategic … patenting, our results further suggest that knowledge creation alliances lead to patents that are filed to protect valuable …

fluorinatedgreenhouse gas emissions. Using patents as an indicator of innovations and patent citations as a proxy for knowledge flows the … across patent applicant- and firm-types is analyzed. We find that most environmental patents originate from Germany and the …-countryflows most environmental knowledge diffuses from French and German patents, which is likely to be a result of regulatory …

patent and trademark office that minimizes the legal uncertainty surrounding patents as collateral and maximizes the growth …This paper studies how the assignment of patents as collateral determines the savings of firms and magnifies the effect …

theoretical predictions. Patents and subsidies increase investment in R&D and the observed amounts of investment in the patent and …This paper studies the effects of patents and subsidies on R&D investment decisions. The theoretical framework is a two …-stage game consisting of an investment and a market stage. In equilibrium, both patents and subsidies induce the same amount of R …

is industry specific. We test this hypothesis with European patent data for Germany. …