This paper investigates strategies of European microfinance institutions (MFIs) and inclusive FinTech organisations to address financial and digital illiteracy among vulnerable customers. It reveals that both MFIs and FinTech organisations focus on personalised financial education, training and...

In the European Union (EU), the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking (OB) platforms. However, little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number...

Fairness is a crucial concept in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics and policy. It is an incremental component in existing ethical principle frameworks, especially for algorithm-enabled decision systems. Yet, unwanted biases in algorithms persist due to the failure of...