We discuss fixed and random effects models in the context of educational research and set out the assumptions behind the two approaches. To illustrate the issues, we analyse the determinants of pupil achievement in primary school, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and...

We report the results of a Mendelian randomization study in which multiple genetic variants are used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effect of body mass index on personal income in the presence of unobserved confounding. The data come from Understanding Society, a large-scale...

Structural mean models (SMMs) were originally formulated to estimate causal effects among those selecting treatment in randomised controlled trials affected by non-ignorable non-compliance. It has already been established that SMM estimators identify these causal effects in randomised...

Using an experimental design, we compare two alternative approaches to dependent interviewing (proactive and reactive) with traditional independent interviewing on a module of questions about sources of income. We believe this to be the first large-scale quantitative comparison of proactive and...

This report derives from the project ?Improving survey measurement of income and employment (ISMIE)? which investigates measurement error in survey data on income and employment, using a UK sub-sample of the European Household Community Panel (ECHP). In this paper we describe the process of...

Linkages of household survey responses with administrative data may be based on unique individual identifiers or on survey respondent characteristics. The benefits gained from using unique identifiers need to be assessed in the light of potential problems such as non-response and measurement...

We analyse consent patterns and consent bias in the context of a large general household survey, the ?Improving survey measurement of income and employment? (ISMIE) survey, also addressing issues that arise when there are multiple consent questions. Using a multivariate probit regression model...

This paper examines the following rules in the EU-SILC survey, in terms both of the wording of the regulations, and on how these regulations are interpreted and implemented. We pay particular attention to the percentages of the sample re-interviewed following household splits, and assess the...