Voluminous vaccine campaigns are used globally since the COVID-19 pandemic owes devastating mortality and destructively unprecedented consequences on different aspects of economies. Notwithstanding different approaches to measure the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical medicines, this...

Since vaccination is the decisive factor for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand the process to vaccination success. We identify a variety of factors playing a crucial role including the availability of vaccines, pandemic pressures, economic strength (GDP),...

Significant changes have been brought about in consumer behaviour as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital consumption has attracted a large number of new consumers during the pandemic. However, there are few academic studies on the determinants of these crucial changes in consumer...

This comprehensive study delves into the nuanced relationship between public health initiatives, particularly non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and their economic repercussions amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a dataset spanning from February 2020 to June 2021, this study conducts a...

The board of directors plays an important role in implementing corporate governance in the firm, as directors have a fiduciary duty to the firm's shareholders. The effectiveness of directors is a key determinant of corporate value and they need to bring a range of skills and experience to the...

Recent academic studies document that open market share repurchase announcements in the United States generate significantly lower returns than those reported in earlier studies. We find that the lower announcement return is associated with an increasing number of subsequent announcements in the...

We examine the role of employee stock option plans (ESOPs) in mitigating agency problems in New Zealand firms. We find that ESOPs have a significant and positive effect on firm performance relative to their non-ESOP counterparts. This relation appears within a year from the first ESOP...