-governmental organizations (NGOs). In particular, we analyze whether noncharitable expenditures for administration, management and fundraising … competition is associated with more efficient foreign aid activities of NGOs, rather than leading to excessive fundraising … charitable activities since they are less concerned with collecting private donations through fundraising efforts. …

fundraising - depend on the intensity of competition among NGOs and on the degree to which they are refinanced by governments. We …' fundraising. Official funding tends to increase administrative costs. Nevertheless, officially financed NGOs spend relatively more … on charitable activities since they are less concerned with collecting private donations through fundraising efforts. …

read in homes, classrooms, and libraries over the last century. We find that more characters with darker skin color appear … in libraries that serve predominantly White communities. Lastly, we show that the types of children's books purchased in …

libraries. From a contemporary survey on public libraries, we construct a unique dataset on municipalities which received … existing libraries. We show that the innovation advantage also persisted in the long run and had no impact on human capital. …

books through laws concerning prices of books, grants for authors and publishers, a lower value-added tax, public libraries …

Provision of most public goods (e.g., health care, libraries, education, police, fire protection, utilities) can be … libraries. Our findings suggest that ideological stance of the local government, wealth and density of the local population and …

, archives and libraries generally store externally generated research data - what also applies to publication-related data …