Denmark and Germany both make substantial investments in low carbon innovation, not least in the wind power sector. These investments in wind energy are driven by the twin objectives of reducing carbon emissions and building up international competitive advantage. Support for wind power dates...

Money and payments are central to modern economies and societies, yet there are increasing concerns over the environmental impacts of various payment services, particularly from a climate perspective. This report examines the climate impact of retail payments in Sweden in 2021, including cash,...

The expansion of digital payment services like retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (rCBDCs) built on innovative ICT infrastructure, notably datacenters, raises questions regarding potential environmental consequences due to electricity consumption. The design of such systems is critical for...