This study analyzes the effect of trade liberalization on wage inequality through industry wage premiums in Indonesia's manufacturing sector between 2000 and 2015, a period marked by low import tariffs. The study was undertaken by adopting a two-stage estimation approach. Using the national...

In this study, we analyze the effect of knowledge spillover on productivity in the Indonesian manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2014 using inter-sectoral linkages and inter-regional linkages. For the first time in the literature, we apply an input-output table and geographic distance between...

A generous PAYG defined benefit pension system can guarantee retirees to have comfortable life, but the state budget may not be sustainable when the population is ageing. On the other hand, a defined contribution pension system guarantees state budget sustainability, but making retirees'...