The EU needs a permanent EU debt facility to address its many existential challenges, including climate change, energy, inequality, and security related to the Ukraine crisis. The EU's fiscal rules need to be fit for purpose, meaning that rather than primarily targeting debt-reduction they need...

The EU is a supranational governance organization which is quasi-federal in institutional structure and quasi-pluralist in policymaking processes. As such, it has had a significant impact on all member-states' institutional structures, whether federal or unitary, and their policymaking...