process of innovation, and the growth of total factor productivity. Evidence indicates that the PDPs and structural reforms … are to transform the productive structure, increase total factor productivity, and enhance innovation, government …

Countries (CEECs) by elucidating the issues such as; the connection between competitiveness and industrial policy, innovation … technological development. The third step was an assessment of CEECs innovation and R&D policies, and their linkages with …

externalities appear along the lifecycle. In a simple model, we show that it may be efficient to subsidize innovative firms in their … early stages or to protect mature firms from competition to appropriate these externalities. However, non …-benevolent politicians may not choose efficient policies. Real-world examples indicate that politicians tend to concentrate on externalities …

address and minimize. Horizontal policies comprise Innovation, Industrial Promotion and Directives for Industrial and …

Innovation clusters that combine public basic research and applied research performed by private firms may be needed … construct a mechanism that can overcome this barrier and that can induce the first-best creation of innovation clusters. The …