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In a payment card association such as Visa, each time a consumer pays by card, the bank of the merchant (acquirer) pays an interchange fee (IF) to the bank of the cardholder (issuer) to carry out the transaction. This paper studies the determinants of socially and privately optimal IFs in a card...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009640439
potential positive effects of inflation along the convergence path. In a more general perspective the paper contributes to a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009635886
In Lisbon the European Council proclaimed a European growth strategy. It considers an average economic u0093growth rate of around 3 percent as a realistic prospect for the coming yearsu0094 and assigns public finances an important role in the process of achieving this goal. This paper addresses...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009635955
. In this framework, product market regulations raise barriers to entry that hinder the development of sectors with income …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009639850
The 2005 update of the Danish convergence programme, covering the period up to 2010, was submitted to the Commission on … broadly follows the model structure for stability and convergence programmes specified in the new code of conduct. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011902409
Estonia with the EU-15 and the former accession countries. It gives an overview of the nominal convergence according to the … rules laid down by EC Treaty on EMU convergence criteria. In the context of real convergence the set of criteria provided by …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009636773
. Convergence occurred in two spells, in 1960u009673 and 1986u00962001, with an interim period of stagnation. In this paper, we … analyse both s and b convergence and discuss the impact of EU membership, trade and investment. We also analyse how seven … growth in the accession countries. Still, the experience of the EU15 countries shows that convergence cannot be taken for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009636868
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009698435
offers a critical evaluation of the 2011 EU ‘Strategy for Security and Development in the Sahel’. The strategy identifies the … action in the security and development domains as the way forward. As such, we take a generally positive view of the … security and development remain significantly disconnected. But ultimately, it is national caveats that pose the greatest …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011902489
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009637041