Societies provide institutions that are costly to use, but able to enforce long-run relationships. We study the optimal decision problem of using self-governance for risk sharing or governance through enforcement provided by these institutions. Third-party enforcement is modelled as a costly...

In this study we investigate the determinants of financing obstacles using survey data on a sample of around 5000 firms from the euro area countries. This completely new survey – started at the end of 2009 - gives us the opportunity to test whether firm characteristics such as size, age,...

This study develops a comparative overview of recent FGM (Female Genital Mutilation) court cases within the EU, as well as an exploratory survey of transnational movements in relation to FGM. The legal aspects of 20 recent criminal court cases in Europe are analysed, and evidence about...

Les objectifs principaux de l’évaluation sont de: Rendre des comptes et fournir aux services de l'Union européenne (UE) ainsi qu'à un public plus large une évaluation indépendante et globale de ses relations de coopération et de partenariat passées et présentes avec la République du...

This study provides a comparative overview of how domestic service of judical and extra-judical documents is effected in all EU MSs. Areas covered span a broad range of questeions including: the identification of relevant actors (e.g.. initiator, executor and addressee of service), the analysis...