In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic political systems. This is surprising from a political economy perspective, as the majority of people generally suffers from high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact...

A survey conducted in 1975, as part of the World Fertility Survey programme, provided evidence that fertility began to decline in Pakistan during the early 1970s. Because of the low level of contraceptive use recorded in that survey, the fertility decline was attributed to delayed marriage....

This study analyzes the time-frequency relationship between oil price and exchange rate for Pakistan by using measures of continuous wavelet such as wavelet power, cross-wavelet power, and cross-wavelet coherency. The results of cross-wavelet analysis indicate that covariance between oil price...

The effect of aid on civil war has been widely debated. In this paper we introduce a new framework to evaluate the effectiveness of aid on conflict. Using proxies for the evolution of conflict we show that over the course of the conflict aid significantly affects the escalation and de-escalation...

Derivatives are the major icon among risk management practices. Firms usually use derivatives to hedge their foreign exchange and interest rate risk. This study aims to examine the determinants’ of corporate hedging policies and derivative usage in risk management particularly with respect to...

This study examines the impact of female wages, unemployment, foreign remittances and globalization on female labor supply over the period from 1980 to 2010. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing to test whether cointegration exists between variables. Our results show that variables are...

This research assesses the distributional characteristics of growth in Pakistan by applying statistical techniques suggested in the empirical literature on poverty and income inequality. An attempt is also made to determine the relative contribution of economic growth and distribution of income...

This paper is reflective of an attempt to construct a temporal profile of emigration from Pakistan over the past five decades. As detailed in the paper there have been distinct types of emigration streams distinguished on the basis of size, skill composition, duration of stay abroad and nature...

Microfinance has, by now, reached a total of over 60% of all poor households of Bangladesh, and 37% of all households (World Bank, 2005). There are, however some controversies relating to the indebtedness for the microfinance receivers and the contribution of microfinance in their socioeconomic...

ABSTRACT Medellín became the capital city of Antioquia when a change in the production paradigm was established: the change of mining to agricultural and livestock production farm, which allowed the emergence of a fledgling industry in a city that, did not have the features expected to be...