specifying price transmission equations in international trade models Protective policies, such as tariffs and quotas, reduce the …

of trade to estimate a panel cointegrating relationship between real exchange rates and a set of fundamentals for a …-based real exchange rate and commodity terms of trade. The estimated impact of productivity growth differentials between traded …

? Data from South Asia suggest that member states have minor trade linkages and face asymmetrical patterns of shocks. This …

if China's relative presence continues to rise in the regional trade. …

The effect of exchange rate volatility on trade flows was examined by a 1984 IMF study on G-7 countries. Over the past … exchange hedging instruments, may have reduced the impact of volatility on trade flows. Using recent advances in the economic … theories on trade and in statistical methodologies, this paper revisits this important issue by taking into account these new …

presents several conventional techniques for assessing competitiveness, namely the real exchange rate and recent trade … many post-conflict situations. The real exchange measure and trade measures suggest some mild erosion of competitiveness in …

This paper investigates empirically the relevance of external, domestic, and financial weaknesses as well as trade and …