This paper develops and tests the anticipation hypothesis as applied to a bidding firm’s returns and the returns of its rivals. Our results provide strong support for anticipation and the transfer of subsequent bidding information throughout a bidder’s industry. First, the abnormal returns...

This paper documents a dramatic difference in the abnormal announcement period returns of the first bidder to announce an acquisition attempt in a particular industry. Typical of the literature, the set of all bidders in our sample earn abnormal returns indistinguishable from zero. However,...

We document market anticipation of merger bids and show that less anticipated bids earn significantly higher announcement returns. Subsequent bidders in the industry experience significant and positive abnormal returns around the time of initial industry bid announcements. These results suggest...

A sample of firms that focus by divesting at least one segment allows us to investigate the characteristics of segments divested as well as the nature of focusing firms. We find that firms are more likely to divest segments unrelated to the core activities of the firm and that the probability...

We investigate a sample of firms whose number of reported segments falls by one or more for the first time in their reporting history. The firms in our sample have a significantly larger diversification discount, underperform, and underinvest relative to comparable firms. Firms are more likely...

We review the international finance literature to assess the extent to which international factors affect financial asset demands and prices. International asset-pricing models with mean-variance investors predict that an asset's risk premium depends on its covariance with the world market...