This study was mainly based on the interpretation of satellite imagery, supported by only limited field truth data. This approach had to be followed because only very little information on the Upper Ili Catchment was available to the research team. At the same time, however, detailed information...

The EU’s administrative systems relies to a considerable extend on the delegation of executive tasks to the European Commission, which is in turn controlled in this task through a plethora of implementing committees – the so-called ‘comitology’ system. Considering the centrality of...

Intergovernmental Conferences are generally seen as key events in the design of the European Union. This paper challenges this traditional view. Arguing that treaty reform should be regarded as a continuous process rather than a series of events, the paper develops a procedural understanding of...

The Maastricht Treaty provided for a consultative Committee of the Regions to bring the European Union's “third level” into the deliberation of legislation. It began to operate in early 1994. This article assesses its creation and recent activity against the expectations and demands that...

The European Parliament is frequently seen as the ‘big winner’ of the Lisbon Treaty, given the fact that several changes have significantly extended its powers, such as the extension of co-decision as the ordinary legislative procedure, and the introduction of the assent procedure to...

Institutions (including regulations) are constitutive elements of innovation systems, and therefore cornerstones of innovation policy. Focusing on (soft and hard) regulation, the paper identifies the most salient regulatory areas from the perspective of the innovation system. When asking about...