This paper assesses the degree of market integration in the U.S. natural gas market following the FERC’s ‘open access’ reforms. Daily spot prices at 76 market locations from 1993 to 1997 are used to examine the geographic extent of the market and the speed with which market forces move...

Revenues in countries that rely heavily on one or two primary commodities tend to fluctuate widely with prices in international markets. This fluctuation is especially wide when export taxes are a large part of the total tax base but also when the private sector reaps most of the gains from...

In light of ongoing concern about commodity specialization in Latin America, this paper revisits the argument of Prebisch (1950) that, over the long term, declining terms of trade would frustrate the development goals of the region. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to clarify the...