University knowledge transfer, which contains both codified and non-codified knowledge, is an important source of industry innovativeness. The geographic constraint on university knowledge flows, which is commonly observed in Western countries, makes proximity with universities a big plus in...

Based on Chinese patent data from 1985 to 2004, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of formal university–industry collaborations in China, with a specific focus on the compound effect of geographic distance and other predictors. The results show that geographic distance is...

Government spending has often varied with the business cycle to stimulate the economy and to revive economic conditions. However, the state of public finances has often necessitated higher borrowing to finance widening fiscal deficits. Indeed, recent austerity packages around the globe have...

Antecedent physical factors are used in calculations, which endowed set pair analysis with predictive abilities. Set pair analysis can make predictions based on calculations using antecedent physical factors. In this study, the fitted value <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"> <math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi mathvariant="italic">Y</mi> <mo stretchy="true">^</mo> </mover> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math> </EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$ {\widehat{Y}}_1 $$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> based on set pair...</equationsource></equationsource></inlineequation>

The paper investigates asymmetry in the slope of the aggregate supply curve in the face of aggregate demand shocks using annual data for ten countries of the Middle East. The evidence is contrasted to a sample of developing countries and a sample of more developed countries. The empirical...

This paper examines determinants of private consumption in a sample of developing countries. The empirical model includes income, a proxy for the cost of consumption, and the exchange rate. Anticipated movements in these determinants are likely to trigger adjustment in planned consumption, while...

This paper examines the asymmetric effects of exchange rate fluctuations on real output and price in developing countries. The theoretical model decomposes movements in the exchange rate into anticipated and unanticipated components. Unanticipated currency fluctuations determine aggregate demand...

The main purposes of this article are 3-fold. First, we construct measures of real and nominal effective exchange rates for 14 Middle East and North African countries over the 1970-2004 period. Second, we test the validity of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) by applying the ADF and KPSS tests...