This paper develops and tests a theory that explains the skewed distribution of the takeover gain heavily in favor of the target shareholders by considering the interacting effects of a concentrated target ownership structure; legal restrictions like the equal treatment principle and the...

The Mandatory Bid Rule (MBR) requires that any shareholder who either (i) establishes new control of a firm or (ii) takes over control by transfer of an old block position also extends an offer for the remaining shares at a fair price. For three different ownership structures, the paper analyzes...

A well-functioning market for corporate control is considered by the EC Commission as an important method for monitoring incumbent management and for improving the allocation of resources within Europe. This article examines the regulation of corporate acquisitions in Europe as well as inherent...

A recent legislative directive from the Commission of the European Community proposes and enactment of a Mandatory Bid Rule (MBR): a bidder trying to acquire control of a firm should be required to extend the offer for all shares of the firm. This paper analyzes how adoption of such a rule...

This paper analyzes the economic consequences of a proposal from the EU Commission: "The Amended Proposal for a Thirteenth Council Directive on Company Law, Concerning Takeover and Other General Bids" (1990). By implementing the Equal Bid Principle, the Directive enforces a potential bidder to...

The market coskewness puzzle has occupied the empirical asset pricing research since the third-moment asset pricing model was introduced by Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) and Friend and Westerfield (1980). Using the Fama-French 49 US industry portfolios this paper empirically shows that the...

This paper revisits the day-of-the-week anomaly discussion from a portfolio aggregation point of view. Using different levels of portfolio aggregation: market, industry and company levels, it is possible to partly trace the aggregation level of the effect of the factors driving the...

The paper explores the going public decision in a sample of family-owned corporations in Sweden, 1970-1991. the issuers' motivations for going public are documented and contrasted with economic theory. We find that the average firm is old, that a significant portion of the shares are sold by...

Swedish families exploit the strong separation between ownership and control in pyramiding to establish control over several firms' internal cash flows via a very small capital investment. We establish that the discounts on the portfolio firms at the bottom of the pyramid as well as pyramid...

Using data from real estate corporations, we report that related diversification over different property types is associated with a discount while geographical diversification has no significant effect on shareholder value. Related diversification in order to exploit potential synergistic gains...