We analyze a game between citizens and governments, whose type (benevolent or predatory) is unknown to the public. Opportunistic governments mix between predation and restraint. As long as restraint is observed, political expectations improve, people enter the modern sector, and the economy...

This paper builds on the case of West African banks to propose an analysis of the issues raised by government interference, privatization to foreign investors and regulation, in developing countries. In the late 80s, there was a severe crisis in the West African banking system, partly due to...

This paper builds on the case of West African banks to propose an analysis of the issues raised by government interference, privatization to foreign investors and regulation in developing countries. In the late 80s, there was a severe crisis in the West African banking system, partly due to...

This paper builds on the case of West African banks to propose an analysis of the issues raised by government interference, privatisation to foreign investors and regulation in developing countries. In the late 1980s, there was a severe crisis in the West African banking system, partly due to...

This paper endeavours to shed light on the respective roles of the formal and the informal credit markets in developing countries. We use survey data for manufacturing firms in Côte d'Ivoire, documenting their access to informal credit markets, their investments, and their financing. We...

After motivating the analysis by describing cross-border trade between Nigeria and its neighbours, this paper analyses the welfare effect of smuggling and of trade liberalisation. When smuggling occurs because of a tariff or an export tax, smuggling is detrimental if it entails some real...

On étudie l'arbitrage que peut faire le gouvernement entre le niveau de rémunération des fonctionnaires et leurs effectifs, en supposant que ces agents peuvent contribuer à la production du pays. Son choix dépend de la pondération qu'il accorde à l'intérêt général de l'économie par...

Le cours parallèle de la naira a chuté peu de temps après la dévaluation du franc CFA en 1994. On construit un modèle théorique simple montrant comment ces deux événements sont probablement reliés, et on présente un test économétrique allant dans ce sens.

The incidence of civil war in Sub-Saharan Africa since the turn of the century is less than half of what it was on average in the last quarter of the 20th century. This paper shows that the aid boom triggered by 9/11 played a key role in achieving purposefully this result using panel data for 46...