This letter re-examines the role of commercial loans versus demand deposits in the monetary transmission mechanism using short-run and long-run sequential causality testing procedures designed by Toda and Phillips. Empirical results support the credit view that bank loans are as good a predictor...

The paper investigates whether credit and liquidity views of monetary policy transmission can be identified as separate elements of a system which has multiple cointegration vectors. Likelihood ratio analysis is used to determine the empirical validity of the commercial paper - Treasury bill...