This study explores the determinants of orientation toward international business expansion by academic startups, focusing on their technological capabilities, availability of public support, regional characteristics of their location, and research standards of their parent universities. Based...

Industrial clusters have attracted considerable attention worldwide for their expected contribution to regional innovation. Recently, policymakers in various countries have developed specific cluster policies. However, there exist few empirical studies on cluster policies. Focusing on the...

Despite the expectation of various advantages, university-industry research collaboration (UIC), a relationship between two different worlds, often faces serious conflicts. The performance of UIC depends on the research partners’ strategies and institutional designs through which they seek to...

This article examines whether founders’ human capital affects not only actual investment but also required investment in research and development (R&D), using the original data of Japanese start-up firms. The estimation results indicate that higher levels of founders’ human capital,...

This study investigates the determinants of the income levels of newly self-employed workers compared to those of employees, while focusing on the effects of gender and childcare. We argue that working mothers with preschool children prefer self-employment to paid employment, as such...

The Japanese corporate system is assumed to contain an implicit insurance mechanism in various aspects. This paper proves the existence of risk sharing mechanism in supplier relations in a different way from the previous studies, using a unique data set of Japanese automotive parts suppliers....

Using a sample from an original questionnaire survey in Japan, this paper explores whether and how founders’ human capital affects innovation outcomes by start-ups. The results provide evidence that founders with greater human capital are more likely to yield innovation outcome. However,...

We evaluate the "Industrial Cluster Project" in Japan initiated by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in 2001 in terms of industry-university partnership (IUP), using original questionnaire data of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this paper, we use the number of patent...

In this paper, we analyze the influence of ownership structure on the research and development (R&D) investment of start-up firms. Previous studies on the relationship between ownership and R&D have concentrated on the large, established firms listed on the stock market and have focused on the...

The start-up of new businesses has been attracting considerable attention due to their potential contribution to innovation. However, there are few econometric studies on the determinants of R&D by start-up firms. Using firm-level, industry-level, and regional data, this paper examines the...