Informal settlements are home to a substantial, and growing, proportion of the urban population of developing cities. In the majority of these countries, it is recognised that the only way of improving the quality of life of residents in these areas is through a process of in situ upgrading....

Over the decades to 1980 agricultural marketing and input supply systems came increasingly under official monopolies. Dissatisfaction with the incentives offerred to producers and with the costs to governments has sparked interest in reform. Practicable ways of introducing more competition and...