Applications of the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach—which have gained increasing dissemination in business research—usually build on the assumption that the data stem from a single population. However, in empirical applications, this assumption of homogeneity is...

We define an asymptotic mean version of Tukey's sensitivity curve. For this we show that some of the more important features of Hampel's influence function hold for L- and M-estimators also. Therefore, we have an alternative approach to the influence function using only expectations and limits.