In most African economies, both agricultural production and the terms- of-trade are highly uncertain. This paper re-examines the implications of such uncertainty for the optimal mix of production and trade under alternative assumptions about international capital flows. The ultimate objective is...

This paper reexamines the stationarity of the dollar-sterling real exchange rate using the two centuries of data analyzed in Lothian and Taylor (LT) (1996). We fit univariate time series models for the real exchange rate that dominate the stationary AR(1) specification chosen by LT and the...

This paper documents a new "stylized fact" regarding commodity prices using alternative datasets covering the period from 1880 to 1996: The volatility of real commodity prices, defined as nominal commodity prices deflated by the manufacturing unit value index, is higher under flexible-exchange...

This study provides evidence that episodes of internal stability of exchange rates among the 11 Euro countries during 1957-98 were associated with periods of lower real commodity price volatility. These stabilizing effects are statistically significant for fertilizer, metals, petroleum, and...

Using data since 1820 for the US, the UK and France, we test for the presence of real effects on the equilibrium real exchange rate (the Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson, HBS effect) in an explicitly nonlinear framework and allowing for shifts in real exchange rate volatility across nominal regimes. A...

The Fifteenth Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) attracted worldwide attention by announcing its adoption of "controlling big while releasing the small strategy in reforming its 354,000 state-owned enterprises (SOEs), 240,000 of which are small-sized SOEs. A shareholding system...

Because of the stringent nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions legislation for heavy-duty diesel engines, the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) has been investigated by many researchers. The objective of these studies is to investigate the reasons why the temperature downstream of the SCR catalyst...