While a number of measures of openness have been used in empirical studies, none has a theoretical derivation. Using cge models of an economy, this paper derives a number of measures of opennesss which lie on the unit interval and have a welfare interpretation. One group of measure are...

It is now widely believed that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) affects positively the productivity of individual enterprises in the host economy and this is a main argument in favour of FDI. Although China is the largest recipient of FDI after the USA, there has been little empirical research as...

Extraterritorial application of national laws are regarded as an infringement of national sovereignty and against the interests of the nations affected by these actions, who frequently oppose their enforcement as a consequence. This paper examines extraterritorial application of national...

This paper traces the discovery of the Cobb-Douglas function. There were four antecedents to Cobb and Douglas; von Thunen, Mill, Pareto and Wicksell. The demand functions specified by Mill and Pareto implied the Cobb-Douglas utility function and von Thunen and Wicksell stated the Cobb-Douglas...

The theory of linear motors has been formulated for both magnetic and non-magnetic reaction plates and criteria established to assess their performance. The predominant mechanism involved in the transportation of ferromagnetic powders cannot be the same as that in a motor device, because basic...