In this article, I argue that emerging economies are systematically becoming more susceptible to both currency and banking crises after financial liberalisation (FL). Using data for 27 emerging economies from 1973 to 1998, univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that the likelihood of...

Is the typical middle-class family doing better today than they were twenty-five years ago? The answer is no, according to new measures of economic wellbeing. The combination of stagnant incomes and staggering cost increases for important middle-class items--housing, health care, education, and...

Many critics argue that trade agreements the United States enters into should demand more worker rights among the trading partners. Ideally, such worker rights should benefit the citizens of the trading partner and also U.S. trading companies, which would then compete on a more level playing...

The chance of financial crises has grown in emerging economies in recent decades. Increasingly, the interest has shifted away from market-based reforms, such as more transparency, towards potentially stabilizing institutions. Among these institutions are better political freedoms, as they could...

Defined benefit pensions are still an important part of retirement income security for 44 million people. After 2000, these plans experienced extreme difficulties. Although the magnitude of the problem was unprecedented, its causes were not. Interest rate and asset prices decline in a recession,...

Additive manufacturing (AM), colloquially known as 3D printing, is currently being promoted as the spark of a new industrial revolution. The technology allows one to make customized products without incurring any cost penalties in manufacturing as neither tools nor molds are required. Moreover,...

Rapidly rising stock prices in the 1990s raised worries about potential inflationary or destabilizing effects. The use of initial margin debt requirements by the Federal Reserve was proposed to reduce the run-up in stock prices. This paper evaluates the likely impact of margin debt requirements...

The stock market increase in the 1990s may have diverted funds from fixed investments in manufacturing to other investiments, such as share repurchases, and to firms with faster stock price gains. We find that overall investment remained lower than it could have been without the stock price...

Part of the Polish transformation process has been an opening of the domestic financial market to foreign entrants. While the number of multinational banks (MNBs) has risen from zero to 15 within six years, the ratio of bank credit to private and public enterprises relative to GDP decreased...