This paper presents the levels of under-pricing for new issues in a developing country, Malaysia, over a more recent period, January 1990-December 1998, than reported in prior studies. Three types of new issues were examined, namely public issue, offer for sale and combination or hybrid of offer...

A lock-up agreement ensures that major shareholders retain significant economic interest in the companies following the IPOs. Rationally, these insiders will not adhere to the lock-up agreement unless the benefits of doing so can more than offset the costs. Therefore, in an environment...

This paper examines the influence of institutional investors’ participation on flipping activity of Malaysian IPOs. Measured as the percentage of trading volume on the first trading day against the total number of shares offered, flipping is the quickest way to gain huge profits from IPOs....

This paper examines the aftermarket trading volume following an initial public offering (IPO) in a sample of 243 IPOs listed on Bursa Malaysia between June 2003 and June 2008. Specifically, this study investigates the degree of flipping activity and its relationship with six ex-ante variables...

This paper examines the link between over-subscription and pre-listing information in fixed-price IPOs. We find a strong negative relation between investors' opportunity cost of fund and over-subscription. Since investors are required to make upfront payment at the time of IPO applications,...

We examine IPO underpricing, offer size, over-subscription ratio, and listing board, in relation to investors' heterogeneous beliefs. Since investors' beliefs are not directly observable, our proxies for investor heterogeneity are specifically tied to variables that reflect investors' behaviour...

The aim of this study is to survey the empirical studies which interested in detecting the causal relationship between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth, and to provide some recommendations to policymakers for designing the environmental policies and policy implications of effective...

In this article, we study the standardized returns by using the realized volatility and long-memory GARCH models. The various normality tests indicate that the realized-standardized returns follow a Gaussian distribution. On the other hand, the standardized returns by GARCH models are able to...

This article proposes a generalized long persistence observable volatility model which comprises of leverage effect autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average model with time-varying volatility and the inclusion of heterogeneous autoregressive components as the contemporaneous...