This article is the first step toward integrating in a single framework two previously separate lines of research on major structural decisions of life insurers. The literature has previously studied the relation between capital structure and asset risk on the one hand, and the relation between...

In this study we compare the interplay between capital and asset risks before and during the 2007–2009 financial crisis for the U.S. life and health insurance industries partitioned into segments by product specialisation, size and governance. The results show substantial intra-industry...