The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors that determine productivity of fruit and vegetable growers in central Chile, focusing especially on the effect of short-term credit on farm productivity for market-oriented farmers. We explicitly test for possible selection bias using a panel...

Using panel data from a survey conducted in 2006 and 2008 of 177 market-oriented farmers in central Chile, we investigate investment under imperfect capital markets. Specifically we determine the impact of formal credit constraints on fixed investment. By controlling for endogeneity problems, we...

Theoretical models on group lending assume the formation of groups of homogenous risk types. Recent theoretical and empirical findings challenge this view arguing that when markets for insurance are missing, risk homogeneity may not hold any more and risk heterogeneity can be the optimal...

In developing countries livestock are kept not only for their physical products, but also for insurance, financing, and to display status. Though this range of purposes is acknowledged, livestock policies nevertheless often emphasize physical production: a limited perspective that hampers the...

Many countries worldwide have committed themselves to reducing the rate in which they emit greenhouse gasses. These emissions are the major driver behind human induced global warming. Renewable electricity implementation is one way of reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. However,...

To limit or, even better, reduce the emission of CO2 and the corresponding global warming effects, measures should be taken in the two most polluting economic sectors: the energy and transport sectors. The Netherlands has set goals to reduce CO2 emissions, in line with global and European...

Farm households in developing countries commonly stabilize uneven consumption by selling physical assets or borrowings from informal financial networks. Gaps left by market failure or uncertainty generally drive unfortunate households to severe financial risk. Under financial shock from...