Early studies of peak-period traffic congestion generally ignored the departure time decision of road users. Vickrey (1969) and Kocur (1981) remedied this oversight by deriving the departure rate along a single route subject to queuing congestion as the outcome of individual utility...

Most theoretical studies of traffic congestion during the morning commute have been limited to one origin, one destination, and one route. This paper is the first to analyze systematically user equilibrium, system optimum, and various pricing régimes for a simple network of routes in parallel....