An intergenerational model of wealth distribution is the basis for an analysis of educational policy: specifically grants, loans and subsidies. Parents endow their children with education and/or cash bequest; the child's earned income and the cash bequest may be taxed. For given tax schedules...

This paper examines the nature of the economic failure that has brought North Korea such low living standards, and considers how the economic system might be reformed to facilitate a return to overall growth in both aggregate income (GDP) and general living standards. The focus is on...

Since the 1998 financial crisis the Russian economy has been growing rapidly, and seems set to go on doing so in the coming years, recording healthy balance of trade surpluses and surpluses on the public sector accounts. At the same time, under President Putin, market-type reforms have gained...

This paper develops a methodology that makes it possible to rank industrial branches in Eastern Europe according to various measures of competitiveness, removing the effects of existing distortions. World market prices are used to revalue inputs and outputs, and measures of social profitability...

This paper draws out some key lessons from the trade policy experience of transition economies during the 1990s. It does so by examining what trade policy was actually pursued, covering liberalisation of trade in goods and services, liberalisation of the capital account and the approach towards...