Major road maintenance projects need an accurate cost estimate at the early stage of design. At present, simple and quick models are lacking. Two easy-to-use cost models for major asphalt road maintenance projects are developed. The double mean model and the trend line model are based on the...

Planning is a vital element of project management but it is still not recognized as a process variable. Its objective should be to outperform the initially defined processes, and foresee and overcome possible undesirable events. Detailed task-level master planning is unrealistic since one cannot...

The built environment is full of uncertainty which leads to risk. The literature shows that there is a wide range of techniques available to deal with risk; however numerous studies have shown that only a relatively small number are used in practice. One reason for this small number is a lack of...

The Building Maintenance Cost Information Service (BMCIS) offers a comprehensive and rigorous framework for collecting data about the running costs of buildings. Nevertheless, it is pitched at such a level of detail that the amount of data collected and analysed may be constrained. This paper...

The learning phenomenon has proved applicable in various industries, especially those associated with mass productions, such as aircraft and automobile assembly. The learning process in labour-intensive industries is assumed to be more significant in the sense that automated work is constrained...

By building on the first part of our analysis, this second part attempts to provide a further understanding of the UK society's metabolism, its impact and offer policy suggestions that could promote a shift towards sustainability. The methodologies employed in this second part include Exergy...

This paper provides a concise overview of the influence of human activity within the UK society on resource consumption and the subsequent effects on the environment. The concept of the Multi Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal Metabolism (MSIASM) is applied in order to elucidate the evolution...

This paper presents an overview of the resource consumption and environmental impact of the United Kingdom's transport system for the period between 1970 and 2010. For the purpose of this analysis the concept of exergy has been employed both to quantify and aggregate the energy used and the...